585 research outputs found
De toekomst van het kind
Rede uitgesproken bij de aanvaarding van het ambt van gewoon hoogleraar in de Kinder-en Jeugdpsychiatrie aan de Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam op donderdag, 5 november 198
Empirically based assessment and taxonomy of psychopathology: Cross-cultural applications. A review
This paper provides an overview of empirically based assessment and taxonomy, as illustrated by cross-cultural research on psychopathology. The empirically based approach uses standardized assessment procedures to score behavioral and emotional problems from which syndromes are derived by multivariate analyses. Items and syndromes are scored quantitatively to reflect the degree to which individuals manifest them, as reported by particular informants. Although the approach to assessing problems and to constructing taxonomic groupings differs from the ICD/DSM approach, there are no inherent contradictions between either their models for disorders nor the criterial features used to define disorders. Cross-cultural comparisons have yielded relatively small differences in problem rates and syndrome structure, plus considerable similarity in associations of problems with sex and SES, as well as similar correlations between reports by different types of informants. Research on variations in problems in relation to culture, sex, age, SES, and type of informant can contribute to improving both the ICD/DSM and empirically based approaches and to a more effective synthesis between them
Agglomeration Economies and Entrepreneurship in the ICT Industry
In this study indicators of agglomeration economies and their effect on entrepreneurship in the ICT industry are analysed in diverse urban contexts. Agglomeration economies have a stronger impact on new firm formation than on the growth of incumbent firms. Concentration and diversity both have a positive effect on new firm formation as well as on the growth of incumbent firms, while competition only has a positive effect on new firm formation. It is especially the effects of industrial diversity that are revealed to be sensitive to urban contexts: positive effects on new firm formation are attached to the connected cities and to the highly urbanized Randstad, and positive effects on firm growth to the intermediate zone, the connected cities and urban municipalities
Problems reported by parents of children in multiple cultures: the Child Behavior Checklist syndrome constructs
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare syndromes of
parent-reported problems for children in 12 cultures. METHOD: Child
Behavior Checklists were analyzed for 13,697 children and adolescents,
ages 6 through 17 years, from general population samples in Australia,
Belgium, China, Germany, Greece, Israel, Jamaica, the Netherlands, Puerto
Rico, Sweden, Thailand, and the United States. RESULTS: Comparisons of
nine cultures for subjects ages 6 through 17 gave medium effect sizes for
cross-cultural variations in withdrawn and social problems and small
effect sizes for somatic complaints, anxious/depressed, thought problems,
attention problems, delinquent behavior, and aggressive behavior. Scores
of Puerto Rican subjects were the highest, whereas Swedish subjects had
the lowest scores on almost all syndromes. With great cross-cultural
consistency, girls obtained higher scores than boys on somatic complaints
and anxious/depressed but lower scores on attention problems, delinquent
behavior, and aggressive behavior. Although remarkably consistent across
cultures, the developmental trends differed according to syndrome.
Comparison of the 12 cultures across ages 6 through 11 supported these
results. CONCLUSIONS: Empirically based assessment in terms of Child
Behavior Checklist syndromes permits comparisons of problems reported for
children from diverse cultures
Viral kinetics of the Hepatitis C virus
Hepatitis A virus and hepatitis B virus were identified as the cause of infectious
hepatitis and serum hepatitis respectively in the beginning of the seventies. After
introduction of screening tests for hepatitis A and B 4 only 25% of the cases of post
transfusion hepatitis were found to be caused by hepatitis B and none by hepatitis A.
One or more viruses other than hepatitis A or B were suspected to be the cause of
the remaining 75% of post-transfusion hepatitis. Initially, this hepatitis was named
non-A, non-B hepatitis. After the discovery in 1989 of the hepatitis C virus (HCV),
HCV was found to explain the large majority of post transfusion hepatitis 5,6. HCV is
an enveloped, s'mgle-stranded RNA virus, approximately 50 nm in diameter, that has
been classified as a separate genus in the Flaviviridae family J Occasionally acute
viral hepatitis with jaundice occurs, but usually HCV presents as chronic hepatitis. In
fact it appeared to be the most important causes of chronic viral hepatitis in Europe
and the United States
Differential predictive value of parents' and teachers' reports of children's problem behaviors: A longitudinal study
This study investigated the prediction of signs of disturbance in 946 children originally aged 4 to 11 years from the general population across a 6-year period. Parents' and teachers' ratings obtained via the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and Teacher's Report Form (TRF) were tested as predictors of (a) academic problems, (b) school behavior problems, (c) receipt of mental health services, (d) child's need for professional help, (e) suicidal behavior, and (f) police contacts. Total problem scores in the deviant range on the CBCL or TRF were significantly associated with poor outcomes 6 years later. The combination of deviant scores on both the CBCL and TRF was a powerful predictor of poor outcomes with 56% of the girls, and 36% of the boys with total problem scores in the deviant range on both instruments maladjusted 6 years later. The CBCL syndromes Attention Problems and Delinquent Behavior, and the TRF syndromes Delinquent Behavior, Somatic Complaints, and Social Problems significantly predicted poor outcomes. Teachers' reports predicted poor outcomes equally well or even somewhat better than parents' reports. It is important to include teacher information in the diagnostic assessment of children
Pathways of self-reported problem behaviors from adolescence into adulthood
OBJECTIVE: The authors determined the impact of different pathways of
psychopathological development on adult outcome in subjects followed from
ages 11-18 to ages 21-28. METHOD: Problem behaviors of subjects from a
general population sample were assessed through the Youth Self-Report and
the Young Adult Self-Report given at four time points (1987, 1989, 1991,
and 1997). In addition, DSM-IV diagnoses, information pertaining to signs
of maladjustment, and measures of social functioning were obtained at the
last assessment. On the basis of the self-report ratings, four contrasting
developmental pathways of psychopathology were determined: persistent,
decreasing, increasing, and consistently normal. RESULTS: Subjects whose
overall level of psychopathology was persistent over time had a higher
lifetime prevalence of DSM-IV diagnoses and a poorer general outcome in
adulthood than did subjects whose level of psychopathology increased.
Subjects whose level of psychopathology returned to normal after high
levels of problems in adolescence were only slightly different in terms of
outcome from subjects with consistently normal ratings. CONCLUSIONS: 1)
People who showed high levels of problems in early adolescence but whose
level of psychopathology diminished by adulthood seemed to be as healthy
as people who never attained a serious level of psychopathology. 2) An
ongoing devious pathway into adulthood had negative effects on many
domains of functioning. These two findings are both powerful arguments for
early intervention in adolescence
Behaviour of the energy gap near a commensurate-incommensurate transition in double layer quantum Hall systems at nu=1
The charged excitations in the system of the title are vortex-antivortex
pairs in the spin-texture described in the theory by Yang et al which, in the
commensurate phase, are bound together by a ``string''. It is shown that their
excitation energy drops as the string lengthens as the parallel magnetic field
approaches the critical value, then goes up again in the incommensurate phase.
This produces a sharp downward cusp at the critical point. An alternative
description based on the role of disorder in the tunnelling and which appears
not to produce a minimum in the excitation energy is also discussed. It is
suggested that a similar transition could also occur in compressible
Fermi-liquid-like states.Comment: latex file, 17 page
The antiferromagnetic phi4 Model, II. The one-loop renormalization
It is shown that the four dimensional antiferromagnetic lattice phi4 model
has the usual non-asymptotically free scaling law in the UV regime around the
chiral symmetrical critical point. The theory describes a scalar and a
pseudoscalar particle. A continuum effective theory is derived for low
energies. A possibility of constructing a model with a single chiral boson is
mentioned.Comment: To appear in Phys. Rev.
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